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Balance of payments and external debt – January 2021

16.03.2021

In January 2021p, the balance-of-payments current account posted a deficit of EUR 239 million, compared with EUR 377 million in the same year-ago period. The breakdown shows that the deficit on trade in goods decreased by EUR 56 million, the surplus on services increased by EUR 226 million, the primary income surplus narrowed by EUR 31 million and the secondary income deficit rose by EUR 113 million.

Balance of payments current account (EUR million)
  January 2020 January 2021p
CREDIT DEBIT BALANCE CREDIT DEBIT BALANCE
CURRENT ACCOUNT (A+B+C) 9,184 9,561 -377 8,619 8,858 -239
A. Goods and services 7,296 8,046 -750 6,932 7,400 -468
a. Goods 5,298 6,597 -1,299 5,022 6,265 -1,243
b. Services 1,998 1,449 549 1,910 1,135 775
- manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others 219 13 206 206 11 195
- transport 575 275 300 569 254 315
- tourism-travel 225 469 -244 99 180 -81
- other 979 692 287 1,036 690 346
B. Primary income 1,409 1,022 387 1,382 1,026 356
C. Secondary income 479 493 -14 305 432 -127

p - provisional data

Non-residents' direct investment in Romaniae totaled EUR 363 million (compared with EUR 1,226 million in January 2020), of which equity (including the estimated net reinvestment of earnings) and intercompany lending recorded net values of EUR 531 million and EUR -168 million respectively.

In January 2021, total external debt decreased by EUR 58 million, of which:

  • long-term external debt at end-January 2021 totalled EUR 91,457 million (72.9 percent of total external debt), up 0.2 percent against end-2020;
  • short-term external debt at end-January 2021 amounted to EUR 33,937 million (27.1 percent of total external debt), down 0.7 percent from end-2020.

Romania’s external debt and external debt service
  External debt External debt service, Jan 2021p
End-December 2020 End-January 2021p
I. Long-term external debt 91,276 91,457 676
I.1. Public debt 57,392 57,914 145
I.1.1. Direct public debt 57,172 57,699 140
I.1.2. Publicly guaranteed debt 220 215 5
I.2. Non-publicly guaranteed debt,
   of which: 		32,724 32,373 527
1.2.1. Long-term deposits of non-residents 125 122 32
I.3. Debt of the monetary authority,
   of which: 		1,160 1,170 4
I.3.1. Allocation of SDRs 1,160 1,170 4
II. Short-term external debt 34,176 33,937e 5,294e
Total external debt (I+II) 125,452 125,394 5,970

e - estimates
p - provisional data

Long-term external debt service ratio ran at 9.8 percent in January 2021 against 18.6 percent in 2020. At end-January 2021, goods and services import cover stood at 5.8 months, as compared to 5.7 months at end-2020.

At end- January 2021, the ratio of the National Bank of Romania’s foreign exchange reserves to short-term external debt by remaining maturity came in at 86.7 percent, against 88.4 percent at end-2020.

Methodological Notes

  1. Data are updated on a monthly basis. Data for the current period together with the revised data for the base period are available under Data sets; historical monthly and quarterly data back to 2005 are available in the Interactive database.
  2. Data from the NBR’s statistical surveys on International Trade in Services and Foreign Direct Investment may be affected by the impact of the pandemic, which, in statistical terms, consisted in the reduction of the reporting samples and the ensuing expansion of internal estimates.
  3. The international methodological standard on balance of payments compilation is ensured by the IMF’s sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6). The BPM6 methodology has been transposed into the EU legislation based on Commission Regulation (EU) No 555/2012 on Community statistics concerning balance of payments, international trade in services and foreign direct investment, as regards the update of data requirements and definitions.
  4. In order to analyse current account data, the following aspects should be considered:
    1. 4.1. Goods (on a BOP basis): Source: Source: National Institute of Statistics – International Trade of Goods. Imports FOB are calculated by the NBR based on the CIF/FOB conversion factor set by the NIS. The balance of payments principle consists in entering goods based on the “change in economic ownership” criterion (goods acquired by residents are included, irrespective of whether the goods cross the country border or not), while in international trade statistics goods are recorded based on the “cross-border” criterion (goods are recorded when crossing the border, irrespective of whether they belong to residents or not). In order to ensure compliance with the “change in economic ownership” principle, the NIS data are adjusted by the NBR, so that the values of exports and imports of goods in the BOP statistics are different from those in international trade statistics. The main difference between the two types of statistics comes from manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others which, according to BPM6, has been reclassified from Goods to Services and the data source has been changed from International Trade in Goods to the Quarterly Survey on international trade in services conducted by the NBR;
    2. 4.2. Services: Source: Quarterly Survey on International Trade in Services;
    3. 4.3. Primary income: includes compensation of employees, investment income (direct investment, portfolio investment, other investment) and other primary income (taxes, subsidies);
    4. 4.4. Secondary income: includes current private transfers and transfers of the general government.
  5. Foreign direct investment: The permanent debt between affiliated financial intermediaries (banks, NBFIs) is not treated as direct investment, but recorded under financial account/other investment.
  6. External debt includes the following debt financial instruments: currency and deposits, loans, debt securities, trade credit and advances, liabilities from insurance, pension, and standardised guarantee schemes, SDR allocation and other liabilities (according to IMF External Debt Statistics Guide for Compilers and Users, 2014).
  7. External direct public debt includes external loans taken directly by the MPF and local governments, in compliance with the legislation on public debt, including government securities purchased by non-residents – calculated at market value. The value of government securities purchased by non-residents is estimated as a difference between the total value of issues by general government and the total value of holdings of government securities by resident institutional sector reported by the main financial intermediaries on their behalf and on behalf of their clients for which they render custody services, according to NBR Regulation No. 4/2014, as subsequently amended and supplemented.
  8. External publicly guaranteed debt includes external loans guaranteed by the Ministry of Public Finance and local governments in compliance with the legislation on public debt.
  9. Long-term external debt service ratio is calculated as a ratio of long-term external debt service to exports of goods and services.
  10. Import cover is calculated as a ratio of international reserves (foreign exchange + gold) at the end of period to average monthly imports of goods and services for the period under review.
  11. Short-term external debt by remaining maturity refers to the short-term external debt outstanding at the end of period plus the payments related to long-term external debt due in the following 12 months.
  12. Statistical data for the period 2013 – September 2019 have been updated according to the framework for the 2019 benchmark revision. Starting with October 2019, the data are compiled in the same methodological framework. More details can be found at: Process of statistical data revision

The next monthly press release on the “Balance of payments and external debt” will be issued on 13 April 2021 .

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